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復習

Lesson 41 — くださいます · いただきます · さしあげます

BOOK II · 初級 II みんなの日本語 · Mini no Nihongo

L41 · polite giving/receiving

Name Date

REFくださいます · いただきます · さしあげます

Politeness levels of the giving/receiving verbs

Neutral (L24)Polite versionEffect
elevates the giver (superior → me)
humbles me as the receiver
humbles me as the giver

Irregular ます-form: くださる → くださいます (not くだされます). Same pattern as なさいます · いらっしゃいます · おっしゃいます (L49).

1. Noun exchange

Caution with さしあげます: it can sound like you're advertising your own generosity. Toward a superior it's often safer to use あげます or rephrase entirely.

2. て-form favors

NeutralPoliteExample

3. Requests built from these

FormPoliteness
neutral instruction
polite
very polite (L26)
most polite

4. Who the subject is

VerbSubjectParticle on the other person
the giver

Gift & occasion vocabulary

お祝いわいお礼れいお年玉としだまお土産みやげ記念日きねんび結婚祝けっこんいわい入学祝にゅうがくいわいお歳暮せいぼお中元ちゅうげんお見舞みまい

Set expressions会話かいわ

Key vocabulary

くださいますいただきますさしあげます迎むかえます直なおします貸かします贈おくります世話せわをします紹介しょうかいします案内あんないします翻訳ほんやくします親戚しんせきお年寄としより部長ぶちょう課長かちょう社長しゃちょう先輩せんぱい後輩こうはい

詳説 In depth — grammar notes

The politeness levels of giving and receiving

Same three transactions you learned in L7 and L24, now with the polite tier added on top.

DirectionPlain / neutralPolite versionUsed when
someone gives to methe giver is above me
I receive from someonethe giver is above me
I give to someonethe receiver is above me

くださいます is irregular in the ます-form: → (not くださります). Same shape as the other five honorific verbs in L49.

1. Exchanging things

JapaneseEnglish
The department head gave me a souvenir.
I received a souvenir from the department head.
I gave the teacher flowers.
SentenceSubjectMarker on the other person
the giver
me
me

The two halves are the same event seen from two ends. and describe the identical souvenir; you choose whose side of the exchange to put in the subject slot.

2. Favours: て-form + giving verb

JapaneseEnglish
The section chief drove me to the airport.
Mr Yamada taught me Japanese (I had him teach me).
I showed an elderly person the way.

さしあげる sounds like you are advertising your own kindness. Toward a superior, prefer a plain or an offer with : (L50).

3. Requests built from these verbs

Ordered from most to least polite. All three ask for the same favour.

RequestPoliteness
most polite — to a superior or a stranger
polite
friendly, for colleagues and friends
plain instruction, not a request
JapaneseEnglish
Could I ask you to show me how to copy?
Would you mind helping me a moment?
Could you open the window?

4. Who is the subject?

This is where sentences break. Fix the subject first, then the particles follow.

VerbSubject isTemplate
the giver (them)
the receiver (me)
the giver (me)

✕ — two subjects. ○ or ○.

Gift and occasion vocabulary

お祝いわいお見舞みまいお年玉としだまお中元ちゅうげんお歳暮せいぼ結婚けっこん祝いわい引ひっ越こし祝いわい

結婚けっこんのお祝いわいに、何なにをさしあげたらいいでしょうか。

電気製品でんきせいひんなら、喜よろこばれると思おもいますよ。

Error table

✕○Why
くださる is irregular
the giver is the subject
a superior calls for the polite verb
さしあげる is presumptuous to their face
superiors take くださる

Try translating

EnglishJapanese
The department head gave me a book.
I received a book from the department head.
My teacher drove me to the station.
Mr Yamada taught me kanji.
Could you show me how to use this?
Would you mind helping me for a moment?

練習 Practice — 7 questions

  1. Q1 honorific くれる

    'The manager gave me a book.' (respectful)

    く
    だ
    さ
    る
    1. A
    2. B
    3. C
    4. D
    B Superior gives to me → くださいました
  2. Q2 irregular

    ます-form of くださる is irregular. Which?

    く
    だ
    さ
    る
    1. A
    2. B
    3. C
    4. D
    C くださいます — memorize
  3. Q3 humble もらう

    'I received a book from the manager.' (humble)

    い
    た
    だ
    く
    1. A
    2. B
    3. C
    4. D
    B I receive from superior → いただきました
  4. Q4 humble あげる

    'I gave flowers to my teacher.' (humble)

    さ
    し
    あ
    げ
    る
    1. A
    2. B
    3. C
    4. D
    A I give to superior → さしあげました
  5. Q5 favor · honorific

    'The manager kindly drove me to the airport.'

    て
    く
    だ
    さ
    る
    1. A
    2. B
    3. C
    4. D
    A Giver が + 〜てくださいました
  6. Q6 favor · humble

    Same event, viewed from ME as receiver.

    て
    い
    た
    だ
    く
    1. A
    2. B
    3. C
    4. D
    B 私わたしは 人ひとに + 〜ていただきました
  7. Q7 polite request

    Most polite request form:

    依頼 いらい
    1. A
    2. B
    3. C
    4. D
    B 〜てくださいませんか / 〜ていただけませんか

解答 Answer key

  1. Q1 B Superior gives to me → くださいました
  2. Q2 C くださいます — memorize
  3. Q3 B I receive from superior → いただきました
  4. Q4 A I give to superior → さしあげました
  5. Q5 A Giver が + 〜てくださいました
  6. Q6 B 私わたしは 人ひとに + 〜ていただきました
  7. Q7 B 〜てくださいませんか / 〜ていただけませんか