復習

Lesson 30 — てあります · ておきます · まだ〜ています

BOOK II · 初級 II

L30 · てあります · ておきます

FOR TEACHERS ≈30 min to teach · 17 slides · 6 checks 2 min a slide, 1.5 a check. An estimate, not a lesson plan.

Words with a dotted underline have meanings — tap one. So does the big word on every drill card.

REF てあります · ておきます · まだ〜ています ›

1. 〜てあります — state resulting from deliberate action

Uses a transitive verb; the object takes が.

ています vs てあります — the core contrast

〜ています〜てあります
verb typeintransitivetransitive
example
nuancesimply the statesomeone did it on purpose, and it remains

Both translate as "the window is open" — てあります adds the sense of prior human intent, often in preparation for something.

2. 〜ておきます — three uses

UseExample
do in advance / prepare
leave something as it is
put back / tidy up after

Casual contraction: 〜ておきます → 〜ときます(買かっときます · やっときます).

3. まだ + affirmative — still

PatternMeaning
still raining
haven't eaten yet
already ate

4. Summary of the three 〜て + auxiliary states

FormVerbSense
intransitivestate, no agent implied
transitivestate, deliberate agent implied
transitiveaction done for a future purpose
Set expressions会話かいわ

Key vocabulary
貼はります掛かけます飾かざります並ならべます植うえます戻もどします片かたづけますまとめます決きめます知しらせます元もとの所ところガイドブックスケジュールポスターカレンダー予定よてい壁かべまだそのまま
詳説 In depth — grammar notes ›

〜てあります — somebody set it up that way

てあります takes a transitive verb (the を one) and reports the state it left behind. Nobody is named, but the sentence insists it was deliberate: this is how someone arranged things, and it is still like that.

JapaneseEnglish
There's a map put up on the wall.
Flowers have been arranged on the desk.
The beer has been chilled (ready for us).
The meeting handouts are already copied.

The object of the original action becomes the topic or the subject: を is replaced by が, or by は when it is old news.

Original actionResulting state

ています vs てあります — the contrast to get right

FormVerb typeWhat it saysExample
transitivethe action is happening now
intransitiveit is in that state (no agent implied)
transitiveit is in that state because someone did it on purpose

and translate into the same English sentence. Choose by intent: an unexplained state takes the intransitive verb, a prepared state takes てあります. A door that blew open is ; a door propped open for the movers is .

There is no for intransitive verbs. ✕ — the pair is transitive+てある / intransitive+ている.

〜ておきます — do it now so it is ready later

UseMeaningExample
preparationdo it in advance
leave as islet it stay that way
tidy upfinish it and put it away
JapaneseEnglish
I'll read the documents before the meeting.
I put the beer in the fridge (so it's cold later).
Please leave the air conditioner on.

Casual speech contracts ておく to とく: → , → .

ておきます, てあります, ています — one action seen at three moments
MomentFormExample
doing it now, for later
finished, and the result stands
the state itself, no agent

まだ + affirmative = still

You know まだ from ("not yet"). With an affirmative verb it flips to "still".

JapaneseEnglish
It's still raining.
Mr Yamada is still at the office.
I'm still eating.
I haven't eaten yet.

is the opposite of both: (already eaten) · (it's stopped).

Error table
✕○Why
てある turns the object into が
intransitive verbs never take てある
pick one: ておく (do it) or てある (it stands done)
まだ + affirmative means "still", not "already"
Try translating
EnglishJapanese
A timetable is posted on the wall.
I've already booked the restaurant.
I'll buy the tickets in advance.
Please leave the door open.
Put the tools back where they were.
He's still in a meeting.
練習 6 checks
Q1 deliberate state

'The schedule is written on the calendar.' (someone wrote it, on purpose)

て
あ
る
Transitive 書かく + てあります = purposeful resulting state
Q2 ています vs てあります

Both mean 'the window is open' — which implies someone opened it deliberately?

窓 まど
開あけて(trans.)+あります = intentional
Q3 preparation

'I'll buy the tickets in advance before the trip.'

て
お
く
て-form + おきます = do in advance
Q4 leave as is

'Please leave it as it is.'

そ
の
ま
ま
〜ておいてください = leave in that state
Q5 contraction

Casual contraction of 買かっておきます

〜
と
く
ておき → とき: 買かっときます
Q6 まだ + affirmative

'It's STILL raining.'

ま
だ
まだ + affirmative ています = still ongoing

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みんなの日本語にほんご · Lesson 30