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Lesson 23 — とき · と (条件じょうけん) ·みち案内あんない(directions)

BOOK I · 初級 I

L23 · とき · と

REF とき · と (条件じょうけん) ·みち案内あんない(directions)

1. 〜とき — when

Before ときRuleExample
verbplain form
い-adj
な-adj
noun

Tense before とき is RELATIVE

FormTimingExample
action not yet complete
action complete

The tense of the とき-clause is judged against the main verb, not against now. This is the most-tested point in L23.

2. 〜と — natural / automatic consequence

Formation: dictionary form + と (negative: ない + と)

Restriction: the main clause cannot express will — no requests, invitations, commands, or intentions.

✕ → use たら (L25).

Typical と contexts
machine operation
directions
natural law

3. みち案内あんない— GIVING & ASKING DIRECTIONS

Movement verbs and their particles
VerbParticleExample

Key point: these verbs of passage take for the route — not で. みちあるきます ○ /みちあるきます ✕

This を marks the space moved through, and appears again in ます (部屋へやます) and ります (電車でんしゃります).

Landmark vocabulary
交差点こうさてん信号しんごうかどはしみちさか踏切ふみきり横断歩道おうだんほどう駐車場ちゅうしゃじょうちかそばこうたり
Ordinal counters — 〜
PatternMeaningExample
the Nth (general)
the Nth (in order)
the Nth street

turns a count into an ordinal: 2つ = two things · 2つ = the second one.

Direction phrases
JapaneseEnglish
go straight
turn right at the second intersection
cross at the light
cross the bridge and it's on the left
left at the end of the road
it's on the right side of this road
Asking the way会話かいわ

Key vocabulary
がりますわたりますとおりますまわしますしますさわりますうごきますあるきますますきますります調しらべますなおします故障こしょうみち交差点こうさてん信号しんごうかどはし駐車場ちゅうしゃじょう建物たてもの入口いりぐち出口でぐちスイッチつまみおとサイズ
練習 16 checks
Q1 route を

'Cross the bridge.' — pick the particle.

わた
Verbs of passage take for the route:はしわた
Q2 route を

'Walk along this road.' — pick the particle.

ある
みちあるきます — を marks the space moved through, not で
Q3 directions

'Turn right at the corner.'

かどみぎがります
Q4 ordinal 〜目

'the second corner'

2
makes a count ordinal: 2つ = two · 2つ= the second
Q5 directions + と

'Go straight and the station is there.'

Directions use dict form + と
Q6 landmark vocab

'It's at the end of the road, on the left.'

たり= the far end of a road / T-junction
Q7 landmark vocab

Which means 'intersection'?

語彙 ごい
交差点こうさてんintersection ·信号しんごうtraffic light ·横断歩道おうだんほどうcrosswalk ·踏切ふみきりrail crossing
Q8 verb + とき

'When I borrow books at the library, I need a card.'

Plain form + とき
Q9 い-adj + とき

'When I'm sleepy, I drink coffee.'

ねむ
い-adj attaches directly: ねむいとき
Q10 な-adj + とき

'When I'm free, please come over.'

ひま
な-adj + な + とき
Q11 noun + とき

'When I was a child, I often swam in the river.'

noun + の + とき
Q12 relative tense

___とき、かばんをいました。(bought it in the foreign country, BEFORE arriving home)

かえ
Action incomplete relative to buying → dict form かえるとき
Q13 relative tense

___とき、「ただいま」といます。(after arriving home)

かえ
Arrival completed first → かえったとき
Q14 natural consequence

'Press this button and change comes out.'

Machine behavior = dict form + と (たら also grammatical but と is the L23 target)
Q15 directions + と

'Go straight and you'll find the station.'

Directions: dict + と
Q16 と restriction

Which sentence is WRONG with と?

と can't precede invitations/requests/intentions —きましょう needs たら

みんなの日本にっぽん · Lesson 23