復習

Lesson 26 — んです · ていただけませんか · たらいいですか

BOOK II · 初級 II

L26 · んです

FOR TEACHERS ≈35 min to teach · 18 slides · 7 checks 2 min a slide, 1.5 a check. An estimate, not a lesson plan.

Words with a dotted underline have meanings — tap one. So does the big word on every drill card.

REF んです · ていただけませんか · たらいいですか ›

1. 〜んです — explanation

Formation: plain form + んです. な-adj and noun take なんです.

TypeFormExample
verbplain
い-adjplain
な-adj
noun

Written/formal variant: 〜のです. Casual: 〜の / 〜んだ.

2. When to use it

FunctionExample
asking about something you observe
giving the reason behind a situation
adding background to a request

Trap: a neutral statement of fact takes plain です/ます. Using んです with no shared context sounds odd or overly dramatic.

Answering a んですか question normally uses んです too: 「どうしたんですか」「ちょっと気分きぶんが悪わるいんです」

3. 〜んですが、… — softening

んですが presents the situation, then the request follows. Trailing off after んですが is itself a polite move.

4. 〜ていただけませんか — very polite request

FormPoliteness
neutral instruction
polite
most polite

5. 〜たらいいですか — asking for instructions

Question word + た-form + らいいですか. The ば version (どうすればいいですか) arrives in L35.

Set expressions会話かいわ

Key vocabulary
見みえます聞きこえます探さがします遅おくれます間まに合あいますやります拾ひろいます連絡れんらくしますごみ都合つごう用事ようじ規則きそく引ひっ越こし柔道じゅうどう気分きぶん粗大そだいごみ場所ばしょ実じつはこれから
詳説 In depth — grammar notes ›

What んです actually does

adds no information. It changes the status of the sentence: instead of announcing a new fact, you present it as connected to something already in the air — something the listener can see, something just said, something you are both standing in.

SentenceReads as
neutral report — I have a headache
explanation — (that's why) I have a headache
announcement — I'm going home
the reason behind what you noticed

Grammatically it is the nominaliser plus です — "it is the case that…". The ん is just の worn down in speech.

Formation — the な trap

Typenon-pastnegativepast
verb
い-adj
な-adj
noun

Non-past な-adjectives and nouns take な, exactly as they do before any noun — because ん is a noun. ✕ · ○. Past and negative forms are already plain, so they attach directly.

RegisterFormExample
written / formal
spoken polite
casual statement
casual question

The four things it is used for

FunctionTriggerExample
ask about something you can seeyou notice a situation
give the reason behind a situationyou are asked, or you pre-empt
set up a requestyou need something
show you have understoodyou just learned it

An んですか question is normally answered with んです. — matching the form keeps the exchange coherent.

When NOT to use it

This is where most learners overshoot. んです out of nowhere sounds dramatic, nosy, or like an excuse.

Context✕○
self-introduction
plain new information
neutral description
answering a simple question

is grammatical but demands an explanation — fine from a teacher, pushy between strangers. An んです question always implies "I noticed something and I want the story".

〜んですが… — the softener

Presenting your situation first, then trailing off, is the standard opening move for anything awkward. The listener often answers before you finish.

OpeningThen
(nothing — the request is understood)

is the same thing, slightly more casual. Both are "but" in form only; nothing is being contrasted.

The request ladder

All of these mean "please do X". They differ in how much room they leave the other person to say no — and length is a reliable proxy for politeness.

FormLevelSay it to
casualfamily, close friends
neutral instructionstudents, customers, anyone equal or below
polite, casual basefriends, colleagues
politesomeone you don't know well
polite, humblercolleagues, shop staff
most polite of the setsuperiors, strangers, formal settings
very formal, indirectbusiness, written requests

The machinery: is the potential of (humble もらいます), and the question is negative. So you are literally asking "might I not be able to receive…?" — every layer of indirection buys politeness.

is not the polite ceiling. To a superior it can read as an order; use instead.

〜たらいいですか — asking to be told what to do

Question word + た-form + らいいですか. You are asking the listener to choose for you.

QuestionAnswer

The ば version — — arrives in L35 and is interchangeable here. is the more conversational of the two.

The three points are one routine

L26 is not three unrelated patterns. It is the anatomy of asking a stranger for help.

Situation with んですが → question with たらいいですか → request with ていただけませんか. Learn the shape once and it transfers to every service counter in Japan.

Reacting to what you hear
PhraseUse
what's wrong? (you noticed something)
signals the real reason is coming
sympathy for bad news
to someone unwell — take care
that was a real help
Try translating
EnglishJapanese
What's the matter?
(The thing is) I have a headache.
It's my birthday today.
I don't understand Japanese — could you speak in English?
Where should I buy a ticket?
Could you help me?
練習 7 checks
Q1 explaining

Explain your reason: 'I have a headache (that's why).'

ん
で
す
い-adj plain + んです
Q2 な-adj + んです

'It's because I like Japanese sweets.' — な-adj

好 す
き
な-adj → なんです
Q3 noun + んです

'It's my birthday (you see).' — noun

誕生日 たんじょうび
noun → なんです
Q4 asking with んです

You see a friend soaked in rain. Natural question?

ど
う
し
た
Observed situation → どうしたんですか
Q5 request intro

'I don't understand Japanese, so... could you speak in English?' — soften.

ん
で
す
が
situation + んですが、+ polite request
Q6 〜たらいいですか

'Where should I buy the ticket?' — asking for instruction

た
ら
い
い
た-form + らいいですか = what/where should I...
Q7 polite request

Very polite request: 'Could you (please) write it?'

い
た
だ
け
ま
せ
ん
か
〜ていただけませんか = politest request form at this level

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みんなの日本語にほんご · Lesson 26