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Lesson 34 — とおりに · あとで · て/ないで (付帯状況ふたいじょうきょう)

BOOK II · 初級 II みんなの日本語 · Mini no Nihongo

L34 · とおりに · あとで · ないで

Name Date

REFとおりに · あとで · て/ないで (付帯状況ふたいじょうきょう)

1. 〜とおりに — exactly as

Before とおりにTimingExample
dictionary formabout to see/hear it
た-formalready seen/heard
noun + の—

Also written 〜どおりに after a noun: 予定よていどおりに ·説明書せつめいしょどおりに.

2. 〜あとで — after

FormExample
た-form + あとで
noun + の + あとで

Key contrast with L18's まえに:

— always dictionary form

— always た-form

Both keep their form regardless of the sentence's overall tense.

〜てから (L16) is close in meaning; あとで puts more weight on the sequence, てから on completion.

3. 〜て / 〜ないで — attendant manner

FormMeaningExample
doing B with A
doing B without A

4. 〜ないで — instead of

〜ないで vs 〜なくて: ないで = manner or "instead of". なくて = cause(L39): 「バスが来こなくて、遅おくれました。」

5. Instructions & recipes

Set expressions会話かいわ

Key vocabulary

混まぜます押おします掛かけます組くみ立たてます塗ぬります沸わかします並ならべます塩しお砂糖さとうしょうゆ酢すみそ説明書せつめいしょおつり番号ばんごうとおりそのあとで

詳説 In depth — grammar notes

1. 〜とおりに — exactly as

とおり(に) says: copy this model. What comes before it decides whether you are copying something already done or something about to be shown.

Before とおりにSenseExample
as it was done / as you saw
as it is about to be
as per that thing
fixed compound, no の
JapaneseEnglish
I answered exactly as the teacher explained.
Please go the way the arrow shows.
The train came exactly on time.

before とおり, but nothing before どおり: ✕ · ○ · ○.

2. 〜あとで — after

Before あとでExample

The tense of the whole sentence lives in the final verb — the あとで clause is always た-form, past or not.

JapaneseEnglish
After the film we had a meal.
After I go home I intend to teach Japanese.
FormDifference
simple sequence: then
emphasises that the first thing is finished; the two events may be far apart

Never — あとで takes the た-form regardless of when it happens.

3. 〜て / 〜ないで — the manner you do it in

Here the て-form is not "and then": it describes the state you are in while doing the main action.

JapaneseEnglish
I eat it with soy sauce on.
I went out with an umbrella.
I read with my glasses on.
I drink coffee without sugar.
I went to school without eating breakfast.

ないで is the negative て-form for this pattern. The other negative, , is for causes (L39): — "I had no money, so I couldn't buy it".

4. 〜ないで — instead of

Same shape, one step further: A did not happen, B happened in its place.

JapaneseEnglish
On Sunday I didn't go anywhere; I rested at home instead.
I worked without taking a break.
Instead of taking a taxi I walked home.

5. Instructions and recipes

These three patterns are how procedures are written in Japanese.

まず、お湯ゆを沸わかします。

お湯ゆが沸わいたあとで、めんを入いれます。

説明書せつめいしょのとおりに、3分ぷん待まちます。

ふたを開あけないで、そのまま待まってください。

まず次つぎにそれから最後さいごにそのまま沸わかします混まぜます押おします

Error table

✕○Why
どおり only follows a noun
あとで takes the た-form
manner / instead-of is ないで
ないで cannot express a reason
の pairs with とおり

Try translating

EnglishJapanese
Please do it the way I did.
Assemble it as the manual says.
The train arrived on schedule.
After the meeting ends, let's go for a drink.
I eat sushi with soy sauce.
I went to work without eating breakfast.

練習 Practice — 8 questions

  1. Q1 dict + とおりに

    'Please do it exactly as I do it (about to show you).'

    と
    お
    り
    に
    1. A
    2. B
    3. C
    4. D
    A About to demonstrate → dict form + とおりに
  2. Q2 た + とおりに

    'Please write it as you SAW it.'

    と
    お
    り
    に
    1. A
    2. B
    3. C
    4. D
    B Already seen → た-form + とおりに
  3. Q3 noun + とおりに

    'I assembled it according to the manual.'

    と
    お
    り
    に
    1. A
    2. B
    3. C
    4. D
    B noun + の + とおりに
  4. Q4 verb + あとで

    'After work ends, I go drinking.'

    あ
    と
    で
    1. A
    2. B
    3. C
    4. D
    B ALWAYS た-form + あとで (never dict form)
  5. Q5 noun + あとで

    'After the meal, I brush my teeth.'

    あ
    と
    で
    1. A
    2. B
    3. C
    4. D
    B noun + の + あとで
  6. Q6 manner

    'I eat it WITH soy sauce (dipped).'

    〜
    て
    1. A
    2. B
    3. C
    4. D
    A て-form = attendant manner
  7. Q7 manner negative

    'I eat it WITHOUT dipping in soy sauce.'

    な
    い
    で
    1. A
    2. B
    3. C
    4. D
    B ない-form + で = without doing
  8. Q8 instead of

    'On Sundays I don't go anywhere; (instead) I rest at home.'

    な
    い
    で
    1. A
    2. B
    3. C
    4. D
    A 〜ないで = not doing A, doing B instead

解答 Answer key

  1. Q1 A About to demonstrate → dict form + とおりに
  2. Q2 B Already seen → た-form + とおりに
  3. Q3 B noun + の + とおりに
  4. Q4 B ALWAYS た-form + あとで (never dict form)
  5. Q5 B noun + の + あとで
  6. Q6 A て-form = attendant manner
  7. Q7 B ない-form + で = without doing
  8. Q8 A 〜ないで = not doing A, doing B instead