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Lesson 10
FOR TEACHERS ≈35 min to teach · 18 slides · 7 checks 2 min a slide, 1.5 a check. An estimate, not a lesson plan.
Words with a dotted underline have meanings — tap one. So does the big word on every drill card.
REF あります / います ·位置· や ›
1. あります vs います
| あります | います |
|---|---|
| inanimate: things, plants, buildings | animate: people, animals |
| 机があります | 男の人がいます |
Trap: plants and trees take あります — they don't move under their own power. Vehicles with no driver also take あります.
2. Two word orders
| Pattern | Focus | Example |
|---|---|---|
| 場所に N が あります | what exists there (new info) | あそこに電話があります |
| N は場所に あります | where that thing is (known topic) | 電話はあそこにあります |
3. Position words
| 上うえ | 下した | 前まえ | 後ろうしろ |
| 右みぎ | 左ひだり | 中なか | 外そと |
| 隣となり | 近くちかく | 間あいだ | そば |
Pattern: N の位置に
机の上に写真があります。
銀行と病院の間にあります。—間needsA と B
隣= adjacent, same category. 近く= nearby, general vicinity.
4. N1 や N2 (など)
| と | や 〜 など |
|---|---|
| complete list | representative examples |
| 写真と辞書があります | 写真や辞書などがあります |
5. Existence of people you know
日本に兄弟がいますか。— はい、姉が2人います。
Set expressions会話
〜はありませんか。 — softer than ありますか
〜をお願いします。
いろいろありますね。
どうも すみません。
Key vocabulary
詳説 In depth — no long-form notes for this lesson yet. The hand-written notes cover the base reference and Lessons 14 and 22–50. The reference above and the checks below are the whole of Lesson 10.
'There is a telephone over there.'
'There is a boy in the garden.'
Which takes あります?
Emphasis on WHERE the phone is (you already know it exists):
'There's a photo ON the desk.'
'It's BETWEEN the bank and the hospital.'
'There are photos, dictionaries and so on.' (partial list)
Saved in this browser only — no account, nothing sent anywhere. Marking a lesson complete is also how the translator decides which grammar it may use with you; shaky lessons still count as not studied. The test builder can draw from either pile.
みんなの日本語 · Lesson 10