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復習

Lesson 45 — 場合ばあいは · のに (逆接ぎゃくせつ)

BOOK II · 初級 II みんなの日本語 · Mini no Nihongo

L45 · 場合は · のに (although)

Name Date

REF場合ばあいは · のに (逆接ぎゃくせつ)

1. 〜場合ばあいは — in the case that

TypeFormExample
verbplain form
い-adj
な-adj
noun

More formal than たら — the natural choice in rules, manuals, contracts, and public notices.

Note the な-adj/noun forms: な / の — same as とき (L23).

2. 〜のに — although / even though

TypeFormExample
verbplain
い-adj
な-adj
noun

のに carries emotion — surprise, dissatisfaction, complaint, or disappointment. が and けど are neutral alternatives.

Because of that, のに cannot be followed by a request, invitation, or command.

3. のに vs が / ても

FormNuanceExample
neutral contrast
contrast + dissatisfaction
hypothetical "even if"

のに describes something that actually happened; ても is hypothetical.

4. The two のに — disambiguation

L42 (use)L45 (although)
formdict verb + のにplain form + のに
な-adjn/a
followsany clause

Set expressions会話かいわ

Key vocabulary

合あいます遅おくれます届とどきます間違まちがえます返品へんぴんします取とり替かえます修理しゅうりします込こみます保証書ほしょうしょ領収書りょうしゅうしょ故障こしょう期限きげん非常ひじょう地震じしん火事かじ停電ていでん領収りょうしゅう具合ぐあい必要ひつよう無料むりょう

詳説 In depth — grammar notes

1. 〜場合ばあいは — in the event that

場合 is a noun ("case"), so everything in front of it takes the shape a noun modifier takes (L22).

TypeFormExample
verbplain
い-adjplain
な-adj+ な
noun+ の
JapaneseEnglish
If you're going to be late, be sure to get in touch.
If you need a receipt, please tell a member of staff.
In case of a breakdown, call this number.
If no paper comes out, press here.

場合 is the register of manuals, notices and rules. In conversation says the same thing more naturally: .

2. 〜のに — although, and I'm not happy about it

Plain form + のに. な-adjectives and nouns take な. The sentence carries surprise, disappointment or complaint — it is never neutral.

TypeBefore のに
verb
い-adj
な-adj+ な:
noun+ な:
JapaneseEnglish
I studied hard, and still I failed the exam.
He promised, yet he didn't come.
It's Sunday and I still have to work.
It's only April and it's already hot.

The second clause cannot be a request, an invitation or a command — のに only reports a situation that has already disappointed you. ✕ → ○.

3. のに vs が vs ても

FormFeelingExample
plain contrast, no emotion
contrast + "that's not fair / I'm surprised"
even if — including hypotheticals
JapaneseReads as
I took the medicine but I'm not better.
I took the medicine — and I'm *still* not better.
Even taking medicine doesn't fix it.

4. The two のに — how to tell them apart

purpose のに (L42)concessive のに (L45)
before itdictionary form onlyany plain form, past included
after ita full clause
な-adj / nounnot allowed
example

Quick test: if a past tense or an adjective sits in front of のに, it is "although". If a dictionary-form verb sits in front and a word like 使つかう or 便利べんり follows, it is "for".

Error table

✕○Why
な-adjective takes な
noun takes の
noun takes な before concessive のに
no request after のに
のに already means "although"

Try translating

EnglishJapanese
If you are going to be late, please call.
In case of fire, use the stairs.
If a receipt is necessary, tell the staff.
I studied hard, but I failed.
It's Sunday, yet I have to work.
This phone is new, but it's already broken.

練習 Practice — 7 questions

  1. Q1 verb + 場合は

    'In case you won't make it on time, please contact us.'

    場合 ばあい
    1. A
    2. B
    3. C
    4. D
    A plain form +場合ばあいは
  2. Q2 noun + 場合は

    'In case of fire, do not use the elevator.'

    場合 ばあい
    1. A
    2. B
    3. C
    4. D
    B noun + の +場合ばあいは
  3. Q3 い-adj + 場合は

    'If you feel unwell, please rest.' (具合ぐあいが悪わるい)

    場合 ばあい
    1. A
    2. B
    3. C
    4. D
    B い-adj attaches directly
  4. Q4 contrast · verb

    'Even though he promised, he didn't come.'

    の
    に
    1. A
    2. B
    3. C
    4. D
    A plain past + のに = although (with dissatisfaction)
  5. Q5 contrast · noun

    'Even though it's Sunday, I have to work.'

    の
    に
    1. A
    2. B
    3. C
    4. D
    B noun/な-adj + な + のに
  6. Q6 contrast · な-adj

    'Even though it's convenient, nobody uses it.' (便利べんり)

    の
    に
    1. A
    2. B
    3. C
    4. D
    B な-adj + な + のに
  7. Q7 nuance

    What does のに add that が/けど doesn't?

    ニ
    ュ
    ア
    ン
    ス
    1. A
    2. B
    3. C
    4. D
    B のに is emotionally loaded; が/けど are neutral

解答 Answer key

  1. Q1 A plain form +場合ばあいは
  2. Q2 B noun + の +場合ばあいは
  3. Q3 B い-adj attaches directly
  4. Q4 A plain past + のに = although (with dissatisfaction)
  5. Q5 B noun/な-adj + な + のに
  6. Q6 B な-adj + な + のに
  7. Q7 B のに is emotionally loaded; が/けど are neutral