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復習

Lesson 25 — たら · ても · もし · いくら

BOOK I · 初級 I みんなの日本語 · Mini no Nihongo

L25 · たら · ても

Name Date

REFたら · ても · もし · いくら

1. 〜たら — if / when (the all-purpose conditional)

Formation: た-form + ら for every word type.

TypeFormExample
verb
い-adj
な-adj
noun

Unlike と (L23), たら can be followed by requests, invitations, intentions and commands. This is the main contrast tested.

Two meanings of たら

MeaningConditionExample
if (uncertain)may or may not happen
when (certain)will definitely happen

2. もし — signals a hypothetical

もし is optional but flags early that a condition is coming.

3. 〜ても — even if

Formation: て-form + も.

TypeFormExample
verb
い-adj
な-adj
noun

Negative: 〜なくても —

4. いくら 〜ても — no matter how much

5. たら vs ても — the contrast

たらても
if A, then B followseven if A, B happens anyway

Set expressions会話かいわ

Key vocabulary

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詳説 In depth — grammar notes

たら is just the past form plus ら

There is nothing new to conjugate. Take the plain past — with all its irregularities — and add ら. If you can make the た-form, you can make every conditional in this lesson.

Typeplain pastconditionalnegative conditional

The ら sits on the past form but carries no past meaning. is about tomorrow, not yesterday.

Three jobs たら does

JobTestExample
if — uncertainmay or may not happen
when — certainwill definitely happen
upon — discoverymain clause is past & unexpected

The third one is easy to miss. With a past main clause, たら stops meaning 'if' entirely and reports what you found when you did something — the outcome was outside your control.

Why たら and not と

The reason to have both is what may follow. と bans anything volitional; たら allows all of it.

Main clause〜と〜たら
automatic result○○
request 〜てください✕○
invitation 〜ましょう✕○
intention 〜つもり ·〜ます✕○
permission 〜てもいい✕○
command 〜なさい✕○
✕ with と○ with たら

もし and the size of the 'if'

is optional. It goes at the front and signals early that a hypothetical is coming, which helps the listener parse a long sentence.

AdverbNuanceExample
if, hypothetically
softener before an invitation
if it can be managed
in the unlikely event

〜ても — concession

Built off the て-form, so every て-form irregularity carries over. It says: A happens, and B happens anyway.

TypeAffirmativeNegative
verb
い-adj
な-adj
noun

な-adjectives and nouns use でも, not てmo — they never had a て-form of their own.

たら vs ても — one letter of difference in English, opposite meanings

〜たら〜ても
if A, then Beven if A, still B
the condition decides the outcomethe condition is irrelevant to the outcome

Check yourself by flipping the main clause: with たら the two halves agree (cheap → buy), with ても they clash (cheap → don't buy). If your sentence has agreement, ても is the wrong choice.

ても vs 〜が / 〜けど

FormStatus of AExample
hypothetical or general
an actual fact right now

If you can point at it happening, use が/けど. ても keeps the situation in the realm of supposition.

いくら / どんなに /何回なんかい〜ても

An adverb of degree in front of ても gives 'no matter how much'. Question words work the same way and give 'no matter what / who / where'.

PatternMeaningExample
no matter how much
no matter how (emphatic)
no matter how many times
no matter what
no matter who

here is not 'how much (money)' — with ても it is pure degree, and it needs the ても. ✕.

Useful たら set phrases

PatternUseExample
suggestion
instruction with a trigger
asking what to do (L26)
regret

Try translating

EnglishJapanese
If it rains tomorrow, I won't go.
Please call me when you get to the station.
When I got home, a letter had arrived.
Even if it's expensive, I'll buy it.
No matter how much I think about it, I don't understand.
Why don't you go to a doctor?

練習 Practice — 9 questions

  1. Q1 verb → たら

    Make the たら form:雨あめが降ふります

    降 ふ
    る
    1. A
    2. B
    3. C
    4. D
    B た-form + ら: 降ふった+ら
  2. Q2 い-adj → たら

    'If it's cheap, I'll buy it.'

    安 やす
    い
    1. A
    2. B
    3. C
    4. D
    B 安やすかった + ら
  3. Q3 な-adj → たら

    'If you're free, please help me.'

    暇 ひま
    1. A
    2. B
    3. C
    4. D
    C な-adj: だった+ら. (なら exists but it's the L35 pattern)
  4. Q4 noun → たら

    'If it's rain (tomorrow), it's cancelled.'

    雨 あめ
    1. A
    2. B
    3. C
    4. D
    A noun + だったら
  5. Q5 たら = when

    'When it turns 10:00, let's head out.' (certain future)

    1
    0
    時 じ
    1. A
    2. B
    3. C
    4. D
    B Certain event + intention → たら (と can't take ましょう)
  6. Q6 verb → ても

    'Even if it rains, I'll go.'

    て
    も
    1. A
    2. B
    3. C
    4. D
    B て-form + も: 降ふって+も
  7. Q7 い-adj → ても

    'Even if it's cheap, I won't buy it.'

    安 やす
    い
    1. A
    2. B
    3. C
    4. D
    B い-adj: 安やすくて + も
  8. Q8 な-adj → ても

    'Even if it's convenient, I won't use it.'

    便利 べんり
    1. A
    2. B
    3. C
    4. D
    B な-adj:便利べんりで + も
  9. Q9 noun → ても

    'Even on Sunday, I work.'

    日曜日 にちようび
    1. A
    2. B
    3. C
    4. D
    B noun + でも

解答 Answer key

  1. Q1 B た-form + ら: 降ふった+ら
  2. Q2 B 安やすかった + ら
  3. Q3 C な-adj: だった+ら. (なら exists but it's the L35 pattern)
  4. Q4 A noun + だったら
  5. Q5 B Certain event + intention → たら (と can't take ましょう)
  6. Q6 B て-form + も: 降ふって+も
  7. Q7 B い-adj: 安やすくて + も
  8. Q8 B な-adj:便利べんりで + も
  9. Q9 B noun + でも