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復習

Lesson 24 — あげます · もらいます · くれます (授受じゅじゅ)

BOOK I · 初級 I みんなの日本語 · Mini no Nihongo

L24 · あげる・もらう・くれる

Name Date

REFあげます · もらいます · くれます (授受じゅじゅ)

1. The three verbs

VerbDirectionPatternExample
me/someone → others
receive (receiver's view)
someone → me / my in-group

Why くれます exists:あげます cannot point at yourself. 「木村きむらさんはわたしに花はなをあげました」✕

くれます also covers your family: 「田中たなかさんは妹いもうとに本ほんをくれました」○

2. て-form favors

PatternMeaningExample
I do a favor for someone
I have someone do it for me
someone does it for me (their kindness)

Politeness warning: 〜てあげます toward a superior sounds condescending — it advertises your own kindness. Use 〜ましょうか (L14) to offer instead.

With 〜てくれます, 「わたしに」is usually dropped.

3. Particle patterns inside て-favors

Verb typeParticleExample
verbs taking に
verbs taking を (transport, escort)
verbs taking の

4. Expressing gratitude

Politer versions — くださいます · いただきます · さしあげます — come in L41.

Set expressions会話かいわ

Key vocabulary

くれます直なおします連つれて行いきます連つれて来きます送おくります(人ひとを)紹介しょうかいします案内あんないします説明せつめいします手伝てつだいます翻訳ほんやくしますおじいさんおばあさん準備じゅんび引ひっ越こしお菓子かしちょうど自分じぶんで

詳説 In depth — grammar notes

ウチ and ソト — the axis everything turns on

Japanese does not have a neutral 'give'. Every giving verb is chosen from a viewpoint: the speaker sits at the centre, and people are ranked by how close they are to that centre.

CircleWhoCounts as 'me' for くれます?
meyes
my family, my company, my groupyes
friends, colleagues elsewhere, strangersno

This is why works: your sister is inside your circle, so a gift to her is a gift toward you.

The three verbs, laid out by subject

VerbSubject is…ArrowFrame
the giverme / anyone → outward[giver] [receiver]
the giversomeone → me / my group[giver]
the receiverme / anyone ← someone[receiver] [source]

One event, three legitimate descriptions — the difference is only whose side you are standing on:

SentenceViewpoint
I am the giver
the other person gives, I benefit
I am the receiver

✕ — あげます cannot point back at the speaker. This is not a politeness preference, it is ungrammatical.

Third-party sentences

SentenceOK?Why
○both outside my circle — neutral report
○my sister is inside my circle
△grammatical, but distances you from your own sister
○receiver as subject, no viewpoint clash

Rule of thumb: if the arrow points toward your circle, くれます. If it points away, あげます. If you want to foreground the person who received, もらいます.

に vs から with もらいます

SourceParticleExample
a personに (から also fine)
a company, school, officeから only

に reads as 'from this person'; から stresses the point of origin, which is why an institution — with no single human giver — takes it.

て-form favours: the same three arrows, but for actions

Attach the giving verbs to a て-form and you are no longer giving an object — you are giving the act itself as a kindness. Japanese marks that explicitly where English does not.

Plain reportAs a favourWhat changes
adds gratitude — it was for me
I arranged it / I benefited
frames it as my kindness

A plain sentence without these verbs sounds cold when someone has clearly done something for you. is a police report; is how a person talks.

〜てもらいます is how you describe services

Anything you arranged, paid for, or asked for is naturally 〜てもらいます — the subject is you, the doer takes に.

JapaneseEnglish
I got my hair cut
I had my teacher correct my essay
a friend gave me a lift to the station
could I get you to take a photo?

The 〜てあげます politeness trap

announces your own kindness. Toward a superior — or straight to the person's face — it sounds smug, and toward a customer it is rude.

SituationAvoidSay instead
offering help to a superior
offering help to a peer
telling a third party what you did—

Reporting a favour you did to someone else is normal. The problem is only announcing it to the beneficiary.

Particles inside a て-favour

The favour verb does not impose a particle — the base verb keeps its own.

Base verb takesExample
に
を (people moved / escorted)
の (a possession is acted on)
に + を (a recipient and a thing)

Pick the particle by asking what the base verb does on its own: (escort a person) takes を, so the favour form keeps を even though a person is involved.

Saying thank you with these verbs

RegisterPatternExample
casual
polite
formal

The formal row uses the L41 humble set — — which is this same three-verb system one politeness level up. Learning the L24 arrows properly makes L41 almost free.

Error table

✕○Why
あげます can't point at me
くれます needs me as the receiver
institutions take から
てあげます is condescending upward
the doer takes に, not が

Try translating

EnglishJapanese
A friend lent me a book.
I gave my little sister a dictionary.
I got a letter from the company.
I had my teacher correct my composition.
Could you take a photo for me?
Thank you for helping me.

練習 Practice — 7 questions

  1. Q1 give (outward)

    'I gave Ms. Kimura flowers.'

    あ
    げ
    る
    1. A
    2. B
    3. C
    4. D
    A I → other = あげます
  2. Q2 give (toward me)

    'Ms. Kimura gave ME flowers.'

    く
    れ
    る
    1. A
    2. B
    3. C
    4. D
    B Other → me = くれます, never あげます
  3. Q3 receive

    'I received flowers from Ms. Kimura.'

    も
    ら
    う
    1. A
    2. B
    3. C
    4. D
    C receiver は giver に/から + もらいます
  4. Q4 favor received

    'Mr. Yamada told me the library's phone number (I had him tell me).'

    て
    も
    ら
    う
    1. A
    2. B
    3. C
    4. D
    A I benefit, my viewpoint = 〜てもらいました
  5. Q5 favor toward me

    'My mother sent me a sweater (her kindness).'

    て
    く
    れ
    る
    1. A
    2. B
    3. C
    4. D
    C Giver は + 〜てくれました; 私わたしに droppable
  6. Q6 favor given

    'I lent my little sister a book (as a favor).'

    て
    あ
    げ
    る
    1. A
    2. B
    3. C
    4. D
    B I do for other = 〜てあげました
  7. Q7 direction check

    Taro (someone else's child) helped YOU carry luggage. Report it.

    く
    れ
    る
    1. A
    2. B
    3. C
    4. D
    B Action toward me = てくれました

解答 Answer key

  1. Q1 A I → other = あげます
  2. Q2 B Other → me = くれます, never あげます
  3. Q3 C receiver は giver に/から + もらいます
  4. Q4 A I benefit, my viewpoint = 〜てもらいました
  5. Q5 C Giver は + 〜てくれました; 私わたしに droppable
  6. Q6 B I do for other = 〜てあげました
  7. Q7 B Action toward me = てくれました