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Lesson 18 — 辞書形じしょけい· ことができます · まえに

BOOK I · 初級 I

Lesson 18

FOR TEACHERS ≈40 min to teach · 22 slides · 9 checks 2 min a slide, 1.5 a check. An estimate, not a lesson plan.

練習 Conjugation trainer Type the form, get it checked, see which slot is weak → You answer in kana or kanji, so you need a Japanese keyboard turned on.

Words with a dotted underline have meanings — tap one. So does the big word on every drill card.

REF 辞書形じしょけい· ことができます · まえに ›

Dictionary form (辞書形じしょけい) from ます-form

GroupRuleExample
1 godani-row → u-row
2 ichidanstem + る
3 irreg.—

Verbs whose stem ends in an i-sound can be either group — 帰かえります (G1) vs 起おきます (G2) look alike. Learn the group with the verb.

1. N が できます

(ability)

(possibility)

(comes into being)

2. V dict + ことができます

Covers both personal ability and circumstantial possibility. L27's potential form is the shorter equivalent.

3. わたしの趣味しゅみは 〜こと です

A verb needs こと to work as a noun. 趣味しゅみは音楽おんがくを聞きくです ✕

4. 〜まえに — before

Before まえにExample
dictionary form
noun + の
duration (no の)

Key rule: always dictionary form before まえに, even when the whole sentence is past tense:

Compare (L34), which always takes た-form. These two are frequently tested together.

5. なかなか / ぜひ

AdverbPairs withExample
negative
Set expressions会話かいわ

Key vocabulary
できます洗あらいます弾ひきます集あつめます捨すてます換かえます運転うんてんします予約よやくします見学けんがくしますピアノ〜メートル趣味しゅみ日記にっきお祈いのり国際こくさい現金げんきんインターネットなかなかぜひ特とくに

詳説 In depth — no long-form notes for this lesson yet. The hand-written notes cover the base reference and Lessons 14 and 22–50. The reference above and the checks below are the whole of Lesson 18.

練習 9 checks
Q1 G1

Dictionary form of 書かきます

書 か
き
ま
す
godan: i-row → u-row
Q2 G2

Dictionary form of 食たべます

食 た
べ
ま
す
ichidan: stem + る
Q3 G3

Dictionary form of します /来きます

し
ま
す
・
来 き
ま
す
する /来くる(くる)
Q4 N + が + できます

'I can speak Japanese.' (N が できます)

で
き
ま
す
N + が + できます
Q5 V + ことができます

'Mr. Miller can read kanji.'

こ
と
が
で
き
ま
す
dict form + ことができます
Q6 趣味は〜ことです

'My hobby is listening to music.'

こ
と
で
す
A verb needs こと to function as a noun
Q7 verb + まえに

'I read a book before going to bed.'

ま
え
に
ALWAYS dictionary form before まえに
Q8 noun + まえに

'I wash my hands before the meal.'

ま
え
に
noun + の + まえに
Q9 key contrast

まえに vs あとで (L34) — which takes た-form?

対比 たいひ
まえに → dict form. あとで → た-form. Easy to mix up.

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みんなの日本語にほんご · Lesson 18