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復習

Lesson 42 — ために · のに (用途ようと)

BOOK II · 初級 II みんなの日本語 · Mini no Nihongo

L42 · ために · のに

Name Date

REFために · のに (用途ようと)

1. 〜ために — purpose

Before ためにExample
dictionary form (volitional verb)
noun + の

Two requirements:

(1) the verb must be something you can decide to do (volitional);

(2) both clauses share the same subject.

ために vs ように (L36) — the core contrast

ためにように
volitional verbpotential / intransitive / ない-form
same subject in both clausessubjects may differ

2. ために — "for the benefit of"

3. 〜のに — for the purpose / use of

Formation: dictionary form + のに, followed by a limited set of predicates.

Follows のにExample

Don't confuse with L45's のに ("although"):

L42 usage-のに: dict verb + のに + 使つかう/かかる/便利べんり— no な after な-adj.

L45 contrast-のに: plain form + のに, and な-adj/noun take な(便利べんりなのに).

4. Quantity + かかります / いります

5. のに vs ために for purpose

〜ために〜のに
purpose of an actionuse of a tool, or cost/time required

Set expressions会話かいわ

Key vocabulary

集あつめます貯ためます役やくに立たちますいりますかかります払はらいます建たてます調しらべます必要ひつよう特別とくべつ道具どうぐ袋ふくろ財布さいふ値段ねだん機械きかい目的もくてき将来しょうらい健康けんこう生活せいかつ資金しきん

詳説 In depth — grammar notes

1. 〜ために — the purpose you are working toward

Dictionary form + ために, or noun + の + ために. The action before ために is something you decide to do; the second clause is the effort you put in to get there.

Before ためにExampleEnglish
dictionary formI'm saving up to buy a car.
noun + のI'm saving money for the wedding.
JapaneseEnglish
I'm studying Japanese in order to work in Japan.
I took out a loan to build a house.
I walk every morning for my health.

Both clauses must share a subject, and both must be things you control. ✕ — rain is not your decision.

ために vs ように — the contrast to nail

ためにように (L36)
verb before itvolitional (I choose to)non-volitional: potential, intransitive, negative
shape
noun— nouns cannot precede ように
example
nuanceI will do X, and this is the work for itI hope X becomes possible, so I do this

Same verb, two forms, two meanings: = in order to speak Japanese (I intend to speak it); = so that I'll be able to speak Japanese.

2. ために — for the benefit of

With a person or a group, ために means "for their sake".

JapaneseEnglish
I work for my family.
I'm saving for my child.
They built a park for the town.

3. 〜のに — what a thing is used for

Dictionary form + のに, attached to verbs of using, needing, costing and evaluating. Here のに is (the nominaliser from L38) plus .

JapaneseEnglish
These scissors are for cutting flowers.
This tool is handy for opening bottles.
Preparing for the move took a week.
I need materials to write the report.
使つかいます便利べんりです役やくに立たちますいりますかかります必要ひつようです

4. Quantity + かかります / いります

JapaneseEnglish
It takes 20 minutes to walk to the station.
Living in Japan takes a lot of money.
This job needs three people.

5. のに vs ために for purpose

〜のに〜ために
followsdictionary form onlydictionary form or noun + の
second clauseany deliberate action
viewpointwhat this tool or time is forwhat I am aiming at
example

Do not put a noun before this のに: ✕ → ○ or ○.

Error table

✕○Why
potential goal takes ように
noun takes の
ために needs a chosen goal
便利べんり/使つかう take のに
no noun before のに

Try translating

EnglishJapanese
I'm saving money to buy a car.
I work for my family.
I study so that I can pass the exam.
This tool is handy for opening bottles.
It takes 20 minutes to walk there.
You need a lot of money to live in Tokyo.

練習 Practice — 7 questions

  1. Q1 purpose · volitional

    'I'm saving money in order to have my own shop.'

    た
    め
    に
    1. A
    2. B
    3. C
    4. D
    A Volitional dict verb + ために
  2. Q2 noun + ために

    'I run every morning for my health.'

    た
    め
    に
    1. A
    2. B
    3. C
    4. D
    B noun + の + ために
  3. Q3 key contrast

    ために vs ように — which takes a POTENTIAL verb?

    対比 たいひ
    1. A
    2. B
    3. C
    4. D
    B ように = non-volitional (potential/intransitive/ない); ために = volitional
  4. Q4 usage のに

    'These scissors are used for cutting flowers.'

    の
    に
    1. A
    2. B
    3. C
    4. D
    B dict + のに + 使つかいます/便利べんりです/かかります
  5. Q5 のに + かかります

    'It takes 30 minutes to get to the station.'

    の
    に
    1. A
    2. B
    3. C
    4. D
    A のに +時間じかんがかかります
  6. Q6 quantity + かかります

    'The move cost 200,000 yen.'

    か
    か
    る
    1. A
    2. B
    3. C
    4. D
    A noun + に + amount + かかります
  7. Q7 disambiguation

    L42 のに vs L45 のに — how do you tell them apart?

    の
    に
    1. A
    2. B
    3. C
    4. D
    A Usage-のに: dict + のに + 使つかう/かかる. Contrast-のに: plain (な-adj/noun + な) + のに

解答 Answer key

  1. Q1 A Volitional dict verb + ために
  2. Q2 B noun + の + ために
  3. Q3 B ように = non-volitional (potential/intransitive/ない); ために = volitional
  4. Q4 B dict + のに + 使つかいます/便利べんりです/かかります
  5. Q5 A のに +時間じかんがかかります
  6. Q6 A noun + に + amount + かかります
  7. Q7 A Usage-のに: dict + のに + 使つかう/かかる. Contrast-のに: plain (な-adj/noun + な) + のに