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Lesson 36 — ように · ようになります · ようにしています

BOOK II · 初級 II みんなの日本語 · Mini no Nihongo

L36 · ように · ようになります

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REFように · ようになります · ようにしています

1. 〜ように、〜 — purpose (non-volitional)

The ように-clause takes a verb you cannot simply decide to do.

Verb type before ようにExample
potential form
intransitive verb
ない-form

The key contrast with ために (L42):

— potential / intransitive / ない (things you can't will directly)

— volitional verbs (things you decide to do)

Also: ように allows different subjects in the two clauses; ために requires the same subject.

2. 〜ようになります — change in ability or habit

Negative direction

Use , not ないようになりました:

— stopped smoking

— lost the ability

3. 〜ようにします / ようにしています — making an effort

FormNuanceExample
deciding now / a resolution
a habit already maintained

4. Requesting someone else's effort

— please make sure not to forget.

5. Summary of the three ように patterns

PatternMeaning
purpose ("so that")
a change happened
I make a point of it

Set expressions会話かいわ

Key vocabulary

届とどきます通かよいますやめます気きをつけますできるだけなるべくずいぶん必かならずぜひ自分じぶんで祈いのります成功せいこうします取とります(資格しかくを)治なおります安全あんぜん健康けんこう習慣しゅうかん体からだジョギングマラソン

詳説 In depth — grammar notes

1. 〜ように、〜 — the result you are aiming at

ように links a goal you cannot directly control to the effort you make for it. The verb before ように is non-volitional: a potential, an intransitive, or a negative.

Before ようにExampleEnglish
potentialI practise daily so I can speak Japanese.
intransitiveI write big so it can be seen clearly.
negativeTake care not to catch a cold.
ability verbI take notes so I don't forget appointments.

Both clauses usually share a subject, but the ように clause never states a deliberate act. ✕ — going is a decision, so use ために (L42): ○.

Goal is…UseExample
something you cannot simply do (can, become, not-do)
something you just do

2. 〜ようになります — a change that has settled in

Dictionary form (usually a potential) + ようになります: something that was not so has become so.

JapaneseEnglish
After practising every day, I became able to swim.
I can read kanji now (I couldn't before).
Lately I've started getting up early.

The negative direction

FormMeaningExample
came not to
more natural, same meaning
lost the ability

For losing an ability, is what people actually say. Both are correct; the shorter one is the default.

3. 〜ようにします / ようにしています — making the effort

FormMeaningExample
I'll make a point of it (from now)
I make a point of it (ongoing habit)
I make a point of not doing it
ようになりましたようにしています
a change that happenedan effort you keep making
resultdiscipline

4. Asking someone else to make the effort

JapaneseEnglish
Please make sure you take the medicine daily.
Please try not to be late.
Please try to speak in Japanese as much as you can.

This is softer than : it asks for an ongoing habit rather than one action right now.

5. The three ように patterns in one table

PatternJobExample
purpose you cannot control
a change in ability or habit
an effort you undertake

Error table

✕○Why
volitional goal takes ために
ability change uses the potential
ようにします takes a plain action verb
one ように per clause

Try translating

EnglishJapanese
I write big so everyone can see.
Take care not to catch a cold.
I can finally read kanji.
I stopped watching much TV.
I make a point of eating vegetables.
Please try not to be late.

練習 Practice — 7 questions

  1. Q1 purpose · potential

    'I practice every day so that I can speak Japanese.'

    よ
    う
    に
    1. A
    2. B
    3. C
    4. D
    B ように takes potential form: 話はなせる
  2. Q2 purpose · ない

    'I take notes so I won't forget.'

    よ
    う
    に
    1. A
    2. B
    3. C
    4. D
    B ない-form + ように
  3. Q3 restriction

    Which verb type does ように require?

    よ
    う
    に
    1. A
    2. B
    3. C
    4. D
    B Non-volitional. Volitional verbs take ために (L42)
  4. Q4 change of ability

    'I became able to eat vegetables.'

    よ
    う
    に
    な
    る
    1. A
    2. B
    3. C
    4. D
    B potential + ようになりました
  5. Q5 negative change

    'I stopped smoking (no longer smoke).'

    な
    く
    な
    る
    1. A
    2. B
    3. C
    4. D
    B Negative direction uses 〜なくなりました, not ないようになる
  6. Q6 effort · habit

    'I make a point of exercising every day.' (ongoing habit)

    よ
    う
    に
    し
    て
    い
    る
    1. A
    2. B
    3. C
    4. D
    A dict + ようにしています = kept-up habit
  7. Q7 negative effort

    'I try not to eat sweets.'

    よ
    う
    に
    す
    る
    1. A
    2. B
    3. C
    4. D
    B ない-form + ようにしています

解答 Answer key

  1. Q1 B ように takes potential form: 話はなせる
  2. Q2 B ない-form + ように
  3. Q3 B Non-volitional. Volitional verbs take ために (L42)
  4. Q4 B potential + ようになりました
  5. Q5 B Negative direction uses 〜なくなりました, not ないようになる
  6. Q6 A dict + ようにしています = kept-up habit
  7. Q7 B ない-form + ようにしています